<p>The Danielson Main Street Historic District is a 20 acre historic district representing the commercial business district of the borough of Danielson in the town of Killingly, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. At the time, the district included 49 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The district focusses upon commerce. It consists primarily of commercial buildings, and is drawn to exclude nearby residential areas and industrial areas, even historic ones. The district runs along Main Street from Water Street to Spring Street.</p><br>
<p>Significant properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Cyr Building</p><br>
<p>Evans Block</p><br>
<p>Attawaugan Hotel</p><br>
<p>Diamond Building</p><br>
<p>The Elliottville Lower Mill, also known as the Peep Toad Mill, is an historic cotton mill in the East Killingly section of Killingly, Connecticut. The mill complex consists of a single building, along with a mill dam, pond, raceway, and a rubble stone-arch bridge which carries Peep Toad Road across Whetstone Brook. The mill is of modest scale, 2-1/2 stories in height with a gable roof, and is built of stone and wood framing. It is set across the road from the mill pond and dam. The mill was built c. 1850 by the Elliotville Manufacturing Company, whose larger main mill was upstream from this complex. In the 20th century the mill building was adapted for use as a private residence and art studio.</p><br>
<p>The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Putnam Railroad Station is a historic former train station at 35 and 45-47 Main Street in Putnam, Connecticut. It is a 1-1/2 story brick building with a central gable-roofed section and flanking hip-roof sections at either end. Its terra cotta tile roof and colored brick give it a flavor of Mediterranean architectural styles. It was at least the third station built to serve the community, which was a railroad junction served by the New York and New England Railroad and the Boston and New York Railroad. The stations was used for passenger service until April 30, 1971, when Penn Central dropped the sole round trip from New London to Worcester since it was not included in the initial Amtrak system. Service from Hartford to Boston via Putnam on the former NY&NE ended in 1955 when the Flood of 1955 washed out the bridge just south of downtown. The station building is currently  occupied by "The Crossings" Restaurant and Brew Pub.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Israel Putnam Wolf Den is a historic site off Wolf Den Road in Pomfret, Connecticut. At this location in 1742, Israel Putnam shot and killed Connecticut&#39;s last known wolf. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>A version of the legend, documented in a 1788 biography by David Humphreys, holds that Putnam and others tracked a wolf to the cave after it had killed seventy sheep on Putnam&#39;s farm. Putnam entered the cave by torch light, shot the wolf, and was pulled from the cave by a rope tied to his ankles, dragging the wolf behind him. The story has possibly been embellished over the years, but the main themes of the story, the cave and wolf, are believed to be factual by most Putnam biographers. The exploit was part of the early career of Putnam, who went on to become an officer in French and Indian War, a leading Connecticut figure in the American Revolutionary War and a folk hero for many generations.</p><br>
<h2>Cave</h2><br>
<p>The cave, a natural fissure in an outcropping of grey gneiss ledge, runs for about 20 feet back into the rock. At one time it may have opened into a small chamber, but leaves, debris, and fill have erased any evidence of this. The cave looks much as it did in the late 18th century when the tale of Putnam and the wolf was codified.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Wolf Den is accessible from a hiking trail off of Wolf Den drive in Mashamoquet Brook State Park, a 900 acre Connecticut state park, with two campgrounds, hiking, fishing, swimming, and picnicking.</p><br>
<p>The Pomfret Street Historic District is a historic district roughly along Pomfret Street , from Bradley Road to Woodstock Road in Pomfret, Connecticut, United States. The district represents the core of the village of Pomfret Center.</p><br>
<p>The district "is a picturesque and unique exemplar of Connecticut&#39;s resort and country estate period. No other town in the state contains such an impressive and cohesive ensemble of stylish summer houses, the major contributors to a district that is further enhanced by the quality of its well-integrated institutional architecture and the exceptional integrity of its historic setting."</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It includes 160 contributing buildings and two other sites, over a 380 acre area.</p><br>
<p>The district has an irregular shape. It is about two miles long.</p><br>
<p>Two private schools are in the district. The Rectory School was founded in 1920. Its main building is a former house, dating from 1792, of Col. Thomas Grosvenor (1744-1825), with a large addition & alterations by Thomas Skelton Harrison (1837-1919), designed by Guy King of Philadelphia. It includes other houses, including Brittain House c.1800, and Marion Harvey/Harrison Deal House, by Guy King of c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School was founded in 1894 on the estate of Charles Grosvenor. It now includes brick Georgian and Colonial Revival buildings built during the first decade of the 20th century, designed by New York architect Ernest Flagg, including the Romanesque 1908 Clark Chapel.</p><br>
<p>Architect Howard Hoppin (1854-1940) designed several buildings in the district, including guest houses for George Lothrop Bradley (1848-1906) on his estate called Rathlin: Hope Cottage, Harry Cottage, Howard Cottage, Lothrop Cottage, and alterations to Stilleben and Darius Cottages. Hoppin also designed the Joseph Washington Clark (1810-1892) house called La Plaisance in c.1888, Oberthal (later Southover) for Dr. Frederick Windle Chapin, a house for Joseph Clarks daughter, Mrs. Courtland Hoppin, now Robinson House, the schools admissions office. He also designed Christ Church, and its adjacent Rectory.</p><br>
<p>The Ben Grosvenor Inn grounds and outbuildings are in the district, but the Inn itself was demolished in 1960. Remaining buildings include Orchard Cottage and Olive Cottage, now used as dormitories by Pomfret School.</p><br>
<p>The Colman estate house dates from 1928.</p><br>
<p>Notable properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Most Holy Trinity Church, 1887, moved to its current location at Pomfret Street and Deerefield Road in 1973</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s Admissions Building, Mrs. Courtland Hoppin, c.1888, moved north from its original site c.1899</p><br>
<p>Pomfret Schools Headmasters House, built by Charles Grosvenor (1839-1922) as Eastover c.1896, as an Inn</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s Clark Chapel, Ernest Flagg 1907/8</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s School House, Ernest Flagg 1906/7</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s four brick dormitories, Dunworth, Pontefract, Plant & Bourne, and the campus plan, by Ernest Flagg.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Hubbard House</p><br>
<p>Grosvenor Inn Cottages, 29 and 33 Grosvenor Road</p><br>
<p>Joseph W. Clark Estate House, La Plaisance, c.1888</p><br>
<p>Coleman Estate House, 1928</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Episcopal, 1881, and Rectory, &lt;1886.</p><br>
<p>Bradley Estate&#39;s Hope Cottage, c.1882</p><br>
<p>Bradley Estate&#39;s Howard Cottage, c.1882</p><br>
<p>Bradley Estate&#39;s Harry Cottage, c. 1882</p><br>
<p>March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Scotland Road is a historic site along Scotland Road, from intersection with Back Rd. to 80 Scotland Road in Windham, Connecticut. It is a portion of the historic march route of Comte de Rochambeaus army in 1781 and again in 1782. The troops camped beside the road within this segment, in 1782.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 1700 feet long, the segment is a portion of Connecticut Route 14.</p><br>
<p>It is along the march route taken by French commander Rochambeau&#39;s troops in 1781, on their way to Yorktown, Virginia, and also on the route of their return journey in 1782.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The roadway is modern, but the stone walls and views of countryside are much as it would have been in 1781-82.</p><br>
<p>Multiple other properties whose association with Rochambeau&#39;s route is known were also considered for listing on the National Register in a study.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. Seth Chandler House is an historic house at 55 Converse Street in the East Woodstock section of Woodstock, Connecticut. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with an unusual form and floor plan for its c. 1760 construction date. Its large chimney, instead of being centrally located, is set well back from the main roof ridge. The interior layout is consistent with a typical south-facing colonial house of the period, with a narrow winding stair on the south side of the chimney, and public rooms on either side. However, the roof gable  runs north-south, and the main entrance, facing west in a three-bay gable end facade, opens into the southern parlor. A single-story ell is attached to the rear; it was added later in the 18th century, and may have originally been a separate structure. The interior is notable for its period woodwork and stenciled artwork on its walls.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Windham Center Historic District is a 205 acre area in the town of Windham, Connecticut, that is designated as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. At the time, it included 61 contributing buildings out of a total of 78 buildings, and it included 2 other contributing sites. One of the buildings in the district is the Original 1832 Greek Revival style Windham Bank building, which was converted to the Windham Free Library in 1896.</p><br>
<h2>General description</h2><br>
<p>Windham Center is a village in the New England town of Windham in northeast Connecticut. The District is centered on the village green. During the town&#39;s first 125 years, this district was the most thickly settled part of the surrounding area. The village was selected as the seat of Windham County, when the latter was created in 1726, and prospered from the legal activity around the courthouse that was constructed. In the following three decades Windham Center grew to be a prosperous administrative, commercial and agricultural center.</p><br>
<p>The village green today is bordered by the Congregational Church, the Post Office, the Library, a former inn and homes that reflect the past importance and prosperity of the historical village. Four streets issue from the green: Scotland Rd (Route 14) to the east, Windham Center Road (Route 203) to the south, Plains Road to the west, and North Road (Routes 14 and 203) to the northwest. The village remains essentially rural. Much of the surrounding land is still used as pasture or cultivated for feed corn.</p><br>
<p>Windham was the home of two of Connecticuts Revolutionary pioneers, Eliphalet Dyer and Jedediah Elderkin; of craftsman J. Alden Weir; and of legal scholar Zephaniah Swift. The first volume of Swifts work, A System of the Laws of the State of Connecticut (1795), was the first legal treatise in America and concerns the constitution of the state and differences between English and American common law.</p><br>
<p>Gwyn Careg is a historic country estate on Wolf Den Road in the Abington section of Pomfret, Connecticut. It is currently operated as a bed and breakfast. The main house on the property is a two-story brick structure built c. 1760, altered in the late 19th century and again in the 1920s, giving it a Colonial Revival appearance. When the property was developed as a country estate in the 1920s by Eleanor Clark Murray , it included significant landscape design by William Jackson, a noted New York City landscape designer. Despite a significant period of neglect in the 20th century, the property has one of the most extensive collections of specimen trees in the state.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Izh  is a river in Udmurtia and Tatarstan, Russian Federation, a right-bank tributary of the Kama River. It is 226 km long, of which 97 km are in Tatarstan, and its drainage basin covers 8,478 km&sup2;. It begins near Malye Oshvortsy, Udmurtia and falls to the Nizhnekamsk Reservoir, Kama River, near Golyushurma tract in Agryzsky District, Tatarstan.</p><br>
<p>The river&#39;s major tributaries are the Agryzka, Chazh, Kyrykmas, Varzinka, and Varzi rivers. The mineralization 300 to 500 mg/l. Its drainage is regulated. The Izhevsk Reservoir was constructed in 1760 to supply Izhevsk industry with water. Since 1978 it is protected as a natural monument of Tatarstan. There are notable mineral springs in Izh valley. Izhevsk and Agryz are the cities along the river.</p><br>
<p>The Unitarian Meetinghouse is a historic church at the junction of CT Route 169 and CT Route 6 in Brooklyn, Connecticut. Built in 1771, it is one of a small number of pre-Revolutionary church buildings in the state, and distinctive for having a sufficiently complete documentary record to support a complete restoration. It retains a configuration distinctive of that period, with its main entrance on the long side of the building, and the pulpit opposite. The bell tower with steeple is located at one of the short ends, suggestive of the 19th century change to place the entrance there as well. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The building is owned and maintained by the Unitarian Universalist Society in Brooklyn, CT. The UUSB are the direct successors of the first Unitarian congregation in Connecticut. Its first Unitarian minister, Rev. Samuel May, was a noted peace activist, education reformer, temperance crusader, supporter of women&#39;s rights, and one of the principal supporters of Prudence Crandall, the official female hero of the state of Connecticut. In 1871 the UUSB ordained the Rev. Celia Burleigh, the first female Unitarian minister and one of the very first regularly ordained female ministers in any denomination.</p><br>
<p>The Major Jacob Hasbrouck Jr. House is located on Huguenot Street in the Town of New Paltz, New York, United States. It was built in 1786 by Hasbrouck, grandson of Jean Hasbrouck, one of the original Huguenot settlers of the New Paltz area in the late 17th century, after he had moved out of the family home, two miles  to the south in what is today the Huguenot Street Historic District. A descendant of his lives in the house today, and it is believed to be the only 18th-century stone house in the New Paltz area continuously owned by the family that first built it.</p><br>
<p>Hasbrouck&#39;s house shows sophistication and refinement befitting a large landholder who served as town supervisor and later in the American Revolutionary War. It is the culmination of the Dutch/Belgian-style stone houses that had been built all over Ulster County during the preceding century. His descendants found the house somewhat confining and, over several different generations, modified it in ways that reflected the changing tastes of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a 5 acre lot on the west side of the street. There are several outbuildings from the former farm, no longer in use for their original purpose.</p><br>
<p>Its original section is the front block, a one-and-a-half-story with 20 in thick load-bearing stone walls. A porch covers the front entrance between two of the three pairs of windows; the upper story has two large, wooden gabled dormers added later, between the three small shed dormers remaining from the original house. In the rear is another later addition, a section called the "outlet", after the Dutch "uitlayt", a one-story stone enclosure 12 ft wide across the entire rear section, with its own basement.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the main block follows the standard 18th-century center-hall plan, with the kitchen on one side and the parlor on the other. The outlet is partitioned into five rooms, three connecting to the kitchen side of the house and two to the parlor.</p><br>
<p>In the rear of the lot are three farm buildings: a granary that has since itself been converted into a house, a greatly deteriorated chicken coop, and a modern barn used for storing firewood. There is also a baseball field used for local Little League games on the southwest corner. None of those are considered contributing resources. An old well house behind the kitchen side is, as is the stone wall on the front and north side of the property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Hasbroucks in the 18th century</h3><br>
<p>The land on which the house stands was originally part of Jean Hasbroucks vast holdings in the area that is today the town and village of New Paltz and the surrounding lower Wallkill Valley. He died in 1714, thirteen years before the birth of Jacob Hasbroucks youngest son, Jacob Jr., in 1727.</p><br>
<p>Jacob lived in the family homestead with his father, as his older brothers moved out to the land their father had already planned to divide between them in his will. Jacob Jr. was originally to receive only cash and bonds, on the assumption he would inherit the family house, but shortly after the will was drawn up in 1747 Benjamin Hasbrouck, the oldest son, died in a fall from a horse. The document was quickly revised to give the younger Jacob title to the lands between the Wallkill and the mountains known today as the Shawangunk Ridge, considered the best in the Hasbrouck tract. Jacob the elder died in 1761 and the lands and house became his son&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>The year afterward he served the first of two stretches as town supervisor. He continued to work with the other descendants of New Paltz&#39;s original Duzine ("Dozen") on the further subdivision and development of the original lands. In the early 1770s he returned as supervisor again, stepping down in 1776 when the war began as he had already been commissioned as a captain of the Second New Paltz Company of the Third Regiment of the Ulster County Militia. Three years later, he was promoted to major, and would forever after be known by that title in family histories to distinguish him from his father and his son, Jacob J. Hasbrouck.</p><br>
<p>According to Hasbrouck family tradition, Major Hasbrouck built the house in 1786 for Jacob J., the younger of his two sons, to live in after he died, while his brother Josiah lived in the old house. The Major moved in to spend his later years there, no longer extensively involved in either farming the property or land deals, although an assessment done for the 1798 federal Direct Tax, when he still owned both houses, rated him the wealthiest man in New Paltz. He died in 1806, and passed the house to Jacob J. and his growing family.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The younger man needed more space, and built the rear extension known as the "outlet", from the Dutch uitlayt, a common term for that kind of extension in Dutch architecture. It was 12 feet (4 m) wide, running the entire width of the house and continuing the slope of the roof. Jacob left his initials in the plaster of the north wall interior. A neoclassical-styled archway was the main portal between the outlet and the main house. These renovations were complete by 1810.</p><br>
<p>In 1825, Jacob J. Hasbrouck moved out to a brick farmhouse two miles (3.2 km) along the Wallkill to retire; his son, Maurice, took over the main stone house and devoted himself primarily to the farm, as most of the family&#39;s land had been subdivided and sold. He undertook no major renovations other than whatever routine maintenance the house needed, and moved out in 1870 when his own son, Abram, married and needed the space as his grandfather had before him. The house, by this time, was almost a century old and badly needed to be restored. The original Hasbrouck land parcels had long been divided up, leaving only 400 acre, and the family had moved on to other sources of income. By the mid-19th century, tax assessments suggest that the stone houses that had symbolized their earlier wealth were losing their appeal as younger homeowners embraced newer styles.</p><br>
<p>Abram&#39;s most visible changes, begun in 1876, were the two front window gables, adding a Picturesque aspect to the house, and an update to the front entranceway and the accompanying hall, although it is uncertain from the house today exactly what changes were made. The porch roof may have been changed to its flat hipped style, more consistent with tastes of the time.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>Upon his death in 1910, the house passed to his daughter, Laura, and the woman he married after her mother had died. After her stepmother died in 1924, Laura began to spend more of her time at a house in the nearby village, reflecting the completion of the early aspirations of the Hasbroucks and other Duzine members. She sold half of the remaining land for houses after Route 32 was built through the property in the late 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Eight years later, in 1932, she married and moved to Ossining, leaving the house to caretakers and returning to it only on weekends. Aware of the historic significance of the house, she became active in early local preservation efforts, and encouraged her caretaker, a Danish stonemason, to do some restoration work. He redid the walls (particularly the joints, removing any trace of earlier efforts) and the chimneys and fireplaces. Laura also had him build a new staircase inside, and remove the plaster ceilings to restore a more authentic original appearance to the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1944, she sold the rest of the property save the two acres (8,000 m²) around the house. The north end was remodeled into a caretakers residence, although it had to be rebuilt to its original appearance after a fire destroyed it. Laura Hasbrouck died childless in 1964 and willed it to Richard Relyea Hasbrouck, a descendant of Maurice Hasbroucks brother Huram, specifically to keep it in the family, since he had two sons already.</p><br>
<p>The newest Hasbrouck, like earlier residents, renovated the house to suit the needs of his family and his time. An interior frame wall was added to conserve heat in the old house, and a new kitchen was built. Thirty years after moving in, in 1994 one of the partitions in the outlet was removed to create a larger bedroom. He bought the 3 acre with the old farm buildings on it, bringing the property to its current size.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetics</h2><br>
<p>According to architectural historian Neil Larson, the house represents the culmination of Ulster Countys traditional stone houses. Originally built on a European model for urban areas, they had been small rectangles similar to the Jean Hasbrouck House and the other older Huguenot Street homes, sometimes with their sides facing the street as in that neighborhoods Bevier House. As the children of the Duzine moved out into the surrounding lands, the houses evolved into farmhouses with a three-room plan, since builders could take advantage of larger lots. Using this form may have been a conscious choice on Major Hasbroucks part to preserve his ancestral culture, since some of his contemporaries later built themselves homes in more English-influenced styles like Josiah Hasbroucks Locust Lawn.</p><br>
<p>The builder of Major Hasbrouck&#39;s house formalized this, providing a facade with continuous horizontal lines uniting all the family spaces. There are none of the vertical interruptions seen on other stone houses. The stones chosen were carefully dressed, although not to the point of making an ashlar pattern. The kitchen wing to the north was placed asymmetrically, to highlight its difference in function.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the house was more in accord with traditional stone house, at least in its early years, in having little decoration save the doors and trim, since the Major despite his wealth and fame would have wanted to appear humble and pious. His sons efforts to change this by adding a decorated archway, plastering over the ceilings and using charcoal to marbleize some of the walls suggest he was uncomfortable with the already dated style of the house as well as its physical limitations to his family. A similar impulse may have been behind Maurice Hasbroucks additions of distinctly contemporary features to the house later in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Nuits, also known as the Cottenet–Brown House, is an Italian villa-style house located in the Ardsley-on-Hudson section of the village of Irvington, New York, United States. It is a stone Italian villa-style house built in the mid-19th century. In 1977 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is the only surviving example of the early residential architecture of Detlef Lienau. Built for Francis Cottenet, a wealthy New York merchant, it was later owned and renovated by Cyrus West Field, John Jacob Astor III and Manhattan College. It remains a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Francis Cottenet, the first resident and owner of the property, came to the USA from France in 1822 and started an import-export business, Cottenet & Co., in New York. After 30 years, he contracted Detlef Lienau, one of a number of European-born architects working in America, to design a riverside villa for him. It was originally located on 65 acre, the sole house between the Albany Post Road (now US 9) and the river in what has since become the Ardsley-on-Hudson section of Irvington.</p><br>
<p>Lienau insisted on French stone to be true to the appearance of its Continental models. Cottenet called on him again to remodel and expand the house in the late 1850s, just a few years after moving in. The locally based Lord and Burnham Company built the conservatory. The resulting structure was often pointed out to passengers on steamships going up the Hudson, with the implication that it was the ideally tasteful home of a man of wealth.</p><br>
<p>After Cottenets death in 1884, it passed to another wealthy local, Cyrus West Field, who had to sell a year later due to some unexpected financial setbacks. During his brief ownership, he placed in the deed restrictions on the propertys future use, banning it from being used for certain purposes, such as industry, education, or sale to "disreputable" individuals. These remain in place, and ensure that it has been used only as a residence ever since.</p><br>
<p>His buyer was John Jacob Astor III, who lived out the few years remaining in his life on the property. During that time, he managed to spend $100,000 on improvements, and built the stone gateway that still stands at Route 9 (now known as Broadway). His heirs sold the house to Manhattan College, which spent the next few years trying to clear Field&#39;s restrictions from the deed and convert the home to institutional use. Failing, the college sold to Amzi Lorenzo Barber, the "Asphalt King", a pioneer in paving as well as other businesses that would become prominent in the coming century. He sold off most of the surrounding acreage, clearing the way for the development of Ardsley-on-Hudson.</p><br>
<p>Since then, Nuits has been the home of Robert Hewitt, Jr., engineer John Wiley, Gillies Coffee Company owner James Henry Schmelzel, and investment banker Martin W. Dolan. A restoration which took almost 20 years was completed in 2000, and it was extensively renovated from 2000 to 2015.</p><br>
<p>As of June, 2009, the property &ndash; which was bought in 2000 for $4.3 million</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Nuits is built in a sophisticated interlocking arrangement of cubes built of smooth-faced Caen stone, stones laid so tight that even over a century after it was originally laid it is impossible to put a penknife between them. The roofs are low-pitched with overhanging bracketed eaves.</p><br>
<p>The arched main entrance is located in the middle of the south elevation, a three-bay facade with central tower and balustraded balcony with hooded window above. It has been compared to the entrance John Notman designed for Princeton University&#39;s Nassau Hall after that structure was damaged by an 1855 fire. Verandas run the length of the south side.</p><br>
<p>On the east the most notable feature is an octagonal, conical-roofed conservatory that was added a few years later, and likewise the north elevation has had a billiards room, now used as a family room, added to it. The west, which overlooks the nearby Hudson River, is unchanged.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the entrance leads to a central hall that runs the length of the house. To its east is a library with French doors; opposite is the main living room.</p><br>
<p>There is only one outbuilding, a caretakers cottage that was added later. It is considered a contributing resource to the propertys historic character.</p><br>
<p>The Rosalia Railroad Bridge was built by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad  in 1915 to replace an earlier timber trestle. The bridge was designed as a concrete arch, unusual for a railroad bridge, because it crosses the Northern Pacific Railroad tracks , a state highway, and is visible from Steptoe Battlefield State Park. The railroad wanted an impressive-looking bridge. The viaduct consists of two spans, separated by an embankment. East of the 334 ft embankment there is a 114 ft span crossing over the Northern Pacific tracks. To the west is a 502 ft span that crosses Pine Creek, railroad tracks, and the highway.</p><br>
<p>When the Milwaukee Road went bankrupt in the 1980s. the bridge and right-of-way were acquired by the State of Washington.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places due to its design.</p><br>
<p>Surajkund  is an ancient reservoir of the 10th century located in Faridabad about 8 km  from South Delhi.</p><br>
<p>Surajkund (literal meaning is Lake of the Sun) is an artificial Kund (‘Kund’ means "lake" or reservoir) built in the backdrop of the Aravalli hills with an amphitheatre shaped embankment constructed in semicircular form. It is said to have been built by the king Suraj Pal of Tomar dynasty in the 10th century. Tomar was a sun worshipper and he had therefore built a Sun temple on its western bank.</p><br>
<p>Another kund by the same name as ‘Suraj Kund’ existed in Sunam city, tahsil and sub-division of the Sangrur District in Punjab. This was sacked by Mahmood Ghaznvi or Taimur Lane. The temple is now in ruins.</p><br>
<p>Place is known for its annual fair "Surajkund International Craft Mela", 2015 edition of this fair was visited by 1.2 million visitors including 160,000 foreigners with more than 20 countries participating in it.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Surajkund is located near the Surajkund village between the villages of Baharpur and Lakkarpur in Faridabad district of Haryana. The lake&#39;s drainage basin is part of the Aravalli hill ranges. It is fed from the north western side by a local nallah (stream) that initially feeds the Anagpur dam on the upstream.</p><br>
<p>The storage in the tank or lake has been seriously affected since the catchment area contributing flows into the Surajkund (lake) from villages such as Anangpur, Lakkarpur, Ankhir and Meola Maharajpur has been used for extensive mining and for large habitations, which has disturbed the drainage system and thus obstructed the gravity flow of rain water from the basin into the reservoir. This situation is stated to have also affected the flora and fauna of the area.</p><br>
<p>In the Aravalli hill ranges, which spreads over Delhi and Haryana, where the Surajkund and the Anagpur Dam are located, ancient Stone Age relics have been revealed. The Aravallis, which strike out in two directions from Delhi exhibits a topography of low and rugged hills. The stratigraphy in the area is considered to consist of reddish rocks and scrub and has the luxuriance of the Stone Age progression. Stone Age material have been unearthed in the region at 43 sites on the road from Delhi to Surajkund and south of the Suraj Kund-Faridabad road, Anangpur hills and Ankhir pahari on the road on the low ridge from Faridabad to Surajkund. The Stone Age relics comprise Microliths and lower Paleolithics.</p><br>
<p>From a study of the prehistoric findings along the ridges of Surajkund reservoir, Anagpur Dam, and around Delhi and adjoining parts of Haryana, it has been inferred that the southern hilly area of Delhi and Haryana was environmentally suited for pre-historic man to settle here.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to bardic tradition (a tradition steeped in the history and traditions of clan and country) the Tomar kings who initially lived near the Aravalli hills shifted to the Surajkund area near Lal Kot, which was built by the Tomars. Lal Kot was renamed as Qila Rai Pithora, after Prithvi Raj Chauhan (the second last Hindu king of Delhi). Archaeological excavations have revealed existence of a Sun temple here based on ruins that can be seen even now. Certain carved stones were recently recovered from the reservoir. Some stones have also been re&ndash;used in subsequent restoration works. Some historians also claim that it was named after King Surajpal himself who built it. It is also said that Suraj Pal built this lake for his daughter.</p><br>
<p>During the Tughlaq Dynasty rule of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351–88), the reservoir was refurbished by rebuilding the steps and terraces with stones in lime mortar. On the western bank of the reservoir, a garhi (cave like structure) was built close to the ancient site of the Sun temple.</p><br>
<p>Though historians have not specifically alluded to this tank, it is also said that it was built in 686 AD by Suraj Pal (after whom the tank is probably named) son of Anang Pal I. It is in the form of a segment (semi circular) with the chord on its west side. Another theory for the name Suraj suffixed to the kund (lake) is that it was named after the Sun Temple that existed on the east side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Even though the Tomar dynasty vanished in the 12th century, the Surajkund has not been affected. It attracted the attention of the Haryana Government to develop the area as a tourist spot by introducing an annual crafts Mela or "fair" titled "" in the precincts of the lake, which over the years has attracted wide publicity and become an iconic event.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir has been built in the shape of the rising sun with an eastward arc. It is enclosed within a steep embankment made in semi-circular shape made of stepped stones. Rain fall was intercepted here to create a reservoir of 130 m diameter to meet the water shortage in Delhi. It has an area of 40 hectare. The reservoir provides a grand spectacle, and in the past it was the hunting forest resort. It abounds in dancing peacocks. The reservoir is filled up during every monsoon season but remains dry during summer, before the onset of the monsoon rains. The tank underwent major repairs in the 1920s during the British times.</p><br>
<h2>Other attractions</h2><br>
<p>A natural spring called the Siddha&ndash;Kund, held in reverence, is seen about 600 m to the south of Surajkund, which is frequented by pilgrims.</p><br>
<h3>Surajkund hot spring</h3><br>
<h3>Anagpur Dam</h3><br>
<p>Two kilometres (1.2 mi) away to the south west of Surajkund, there is more ancient Anagpur Dam of the 8th century.</p><br>
<h3>Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary</h3><br>
<p>Asola Bhatti Wild Life Sanctuary is on the Southern Ridge of the northern terminal of Aravalli Hills, close to the Surajkund. It acts as the green lung & carbon sink for Delhi. A trail of 2 km exhibits floral & faunal diversity along the topography of the area of Aravalli Mountain Range which is now a protected area. Anogeissus, Balanite & riparian belt of Aravali are seen in small reaches. Mine pits in this area are proposed to be developed as wetland habitat, which is likely to improve the ground water regime in the area.</p><br>
<h3>Surajkund International Crafts Mela</h3><br>
<p>In the backdrop of the lake, during the spring season, every year from 1–15 February, a colorful traditional craft festival of India is held in the precincts of Surajkund. This fair was first started in 1987. Traditional craftsmen (artists, painters, weavers and sculptors) from all parts of the country participate in this annual celebration named as the "Surajkund Crafts Mela" or "Surajkund designer’s Village". Designer items created by 50 best designers and craftsmen in wood, metal, bamboo, iron, glass, textiles and stone can be seen here. This Mela (fair) is visited by lovers of arts and crafts from all over the world. The fair is held with a different theme every year on Indian culture and crafts.</p><br>
<p>The theme, specific to a state of India, is depicted at the entrance to the Mela grounds and provides an ambience of that particular state with characteristic colors, materials, architecture, furniture and decorations. The crafts on display in the stalls (400) is of particular crafts of that state. The Mela also includes a food festival covering some of the popular cuisines from different parts of the country. Entertainment in the form of famous rhythms and dance of folk theatre are also held here during the festival.</p><br>
<p>During 2009, with Madhya Pradesh as the theme state, 50 crafts&#39; persons from SAARC countries, Thailand and Egypt also participated in the Mela. The show was titled "Hemvati-Khajuraho" as a part of the 23rd annual Surajkund Crafts Fair event. Sanchi Stupa, (a world heritage site in Madhya Pradesh) formed the backdrop for the festival.</p><br>
<p>2015 edition of fair was visited by 1.2 million visitors including 160,000 foreigners. In 2016 edition China will be participating in the fair as a part of agreement signed between India and China to celebrate 2016 as "Year of China in India".</p><br>
<h2>Ecological issues</h2><br>
<p>The ecological disaster that is causing the rapid depletion of ground water in the Aravalli hill range between Tughlaqabad and Gurgaon via Surajkund due to indiscriminate mining has invited the attention of the Supreme Court of India through the efforts of environmental activist. This activity is also stated to be affecting the adjoining Asola Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary. Consequent to a writ petition filed by the Delhi Ridge Management Board, the Supreme Court has asked the Haryana Government "to stop all mining activities and pumping of groundwater within a (5 km), radius of the Delhi-Haryana border in the Haryana Ridge and in the Aravali hills."</p><br>
<h2>Visitor information</h2><br>
<p>Surajkund, also called the Peacock lake, because of its delightful beauty is now a well known tourism destination in Haryana state. Activities of water sports such as Kayaking are also an attraction at this lake. It is 8 km by road from South Delhi and 20 km from the heart of the New Delhi city. It is well connected to all parts of the city. The nearest airport is the Indira Gandhi International Airport, 25 km away. The nearest railway stations are the New Delhi Railway Station and the Nizamuddin Railway Station, 22 km and 21 km respectively by road. It is also approached by road and rail from Faridabad (headquarters of the district) and Gurgaon cities. It is 11.5 km from the Qutub Minar and 3 km Tughlaqabad, two historical.</p><br>
<p>The New Amsterdam Historic District is a historic district located in Detroit, Michigan. Buildings in this district are on or near three sequential east-west streets  on the two blocks between Woodward Avenue and Second Avenue. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>District definition</h2><br>
<p>The New Amsterdam Historic District was recognized by both the National Register of Historic Places and the City of Detroit as a historic district in 2001. Specific buildings in the general area are included in the designation; these buildings are located at 435 and 450 Amsterdam Street, 41-47, and 440 Burroughs Street, 5911-5919 and 6050-6160 Cass Avenue, 6100-6200 Second Avenue, and 425 York Street. In addition, the city designation includes 6001 Cass Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>General history</h2><br>
<p>Major railroad infrastructure, known as the Milwaukee Junction, was built in the 1890s to facilitate industrial expansion in the city of Detroit. To take advantage of the rail line, industrial plants were built in this area on both sides of Woodward Avenue, with the automotive industry prominently involved. Part of this area east of Woodward is now the Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District, while the area west of Woodward and south of the railroad tracks is the New Amsterdam Historic District. Some commercial buildings were also built in this area, particularly along Cass.</p><br>
<p>Although not part of the New Amsterdam Historic District, part of the early industrial character of the area was formed by the enormous Albert Kahn-designed Burroughs Adding Machine factory at Second and Burroughs, which is now the Henry Ford Health Systems administrative offices.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The district features several historically significant buildings. Some of these are:</p><br>
<h3>Unknown (435 Amsterdam Street)</h3><br>
<p>This building is currently being renovated for parking and retail.</p><br>
<h3>Cadillac Assembly Plant (450 Amsterdam Street)</h3><br>
<p>The Cadillac Assembly Plant was designed by George D. Mason in 1905 for the Cadillac Motor Car Company. after a fire damaged the original buildings on the site.</p><br>
<p>Cadillac moved their production to the Clark Street plant in Southwest Detroit in 1920, after which Wescott Paper and other tenants leased the building. Wescott still resides in the building.</p><br>
<p>Like theAlbert-Kahn-designed Packard Motor Company Building #10, the use of reinforced concrete in this building is considered to be a pioneer application in industrial buildings.</p><br>
<p>http://www.byways.org/explore/byways/13754/places/37261/</p><br>
<h3>Graphic Arts Building (41-47 Burroughs Street)</h3><br>
<p>The Graphic Arts Building was designed and built in 1926 by Murphy and Burns. It features a striking terra cotta exterior. The original tenants were graphic art professionals, including a commercial engraver, a photographer, and art studios.</p><br>
<p>Jonna Construction has purchased this property and has redeveloped the building into lofts. The redevelopment, known as the "Lofts at New Amsterdam Phase I," consists of 39 units; as of 2007, the building was 48% occupied. The second phase of the development is in the Caille Brothers building at 6200 Second.</p><br>
<h3>G. A. Richards Oakland Company Service Department for Oaklands and Pontiacs (440 Burroughs Street)</h3><br>
<p>This Pontiac service dealership was designed in 1927 by Albert Kahn. The owner, George A. Richards, also owned WJR and the Detroit Lions.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in the late 1920s, the Jerry McCarthy Chevrolet Company operated a dealership and service center out of this building. Concurrently, the Chevrolet Chart and Display Department (which would later become Chevrolet Creative Services and occupy the entire building until 1996) ran its operation out of a small corner of the structure at 440 Burroughs Street.</p><br>
<p>The building is currently TechOne, the first phase of the Techtown research incubator. As of late 2007, the building had 34 tenants.</p><br>
<h3>Carney-Labadie Building (5911-5919 Cass Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>C. F. Carney and Joseph Labadie formed the Carney-Labadie Company in 1910 to distribute Exide batteries and Firestone tires. The company purchased the McGraw estate on Cass in 1922 to build a headquarters.</p><br>
<p>The building is now the John King Big Bookstore, though it has closed as of 2017.</p><br>
<h3>Cadillac Sales & Service (6001 Cass)</h3><br>
<p>The six-story Cadillac Sales and Service Building was designed by Albert Kahn and built in 1927; it originally contained offices and a showroom. In the 1970s, it was converted into classrooms for Wayne State University&#39;s Criminal Justice program. The building is currently scheduled to be converted into a research incubator, as the second phase of the TechTown project.</p><br>
<h3>Stewart-Warner Speedometer Corporation Building (6050 Cass Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>The Stewart- Warner Speedometer Corporation Building was built in 1925 as the Detroit home of the Stewart-Warner Speedometer Corporation. It was later used as a wheel and brake service center, and the Burroughs Corporation credit union. Wayne State University has used this building to house their parking and mail departments.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, Wayne State began refurbishing the building for use by the Department of Public Safety. The building opened in June 2008.</p><br>
<h3>American Beauty Irons (American Electrical Heater Building) (6110 Cass)</h3><br>
<p>The American Beauty Iron Building was designed by Albert Kahn. A portion of the building was demolished in 1932 when Woodward was widened, and an addition was constructed in 1934.</p><br>
<p>The building was demolished in August 2012 in order to construct the third phase of TechTown, a nearby biomedical research center.</p><br>
<h3>Walter J. Bemb Buick-Pontiac Dealership (6160 Cass Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>The Walter J. Bemb Buick-Pontiac Dealership was designed in 1927 by Albert Kahn. He worked for both Ford Motor Company and Hudson Motor Company until striking out on his own in 1912 with the Bemb-Robinson Company, selling Hudson and later Essex automobiles. He later became associated with General Motors.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, Dalgleish Cadillac, a dealership which has been in business since 1922, purchased the building.</p><br>
<h3>Engine Co. 17/Ladder Co. 7 (6100 Second Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>The Engine 17 and Ladder 7 companies were originally organized on June 17, 1893, at the corner of Cass and Amsterdam. In 1921, the original firehouse was sold, and in late 1922 the companies moved into a new firehouse at the corner of Second and Burroughs. The fire station has been in continuous service since.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Edison Amsterdam Substation (6126 Second Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>The Amsterdam Substation was built in 1929 for Detroit Edison, and is still in use today.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Edison Substation (6134 Second Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Edison Substation at 6134 Second Avenue was built c. 1910 by the Detroit Edison Company. The building eventually fell into disuse, and in 2001, the Detroit Public Schools bought the building and paid three million dollars to renovate it. After renovation, the schools moved the Detroit Children&#39;s Museum from its Midtown location to the site.</p><br>
<h3>Caille Brothers Building (6200 Second Avenue)</h3><br>
<p>The Caille Brothers Building was built in several stages between 1900 and 1930.</p><br>
<p>The Caille Brothers Company began manufacturing in Detroit in 1895, when A. Arthur Caille, inventor of the penny slot machine, Caille ran the company along with his brother Adolf. Later they expanded their product line to include other items such as marine motors, scales, and the conveyor belts used in grocery stores.</p><br>
<p>The building was later known as the Century Floral Building.</p><br>
<p>Jonna Construction purchased this property and redeveloped the building into lofts. The property plan, known as the "Lofts at New Amsterdam, Phase II," calls for 62 loft units in the building. Phase I of the development, now completed, was in the Graphic Arts Building at 41-47 Burroughs.</p><br>
<h3>425 York Street</h3><br>
<p>This building on the corner of Cass Avenue and York Street has been demolished by Wayne State University. A surface parking lot has replaced it.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>New Center is within the Detroit Public Schools district.</p><br>
<p>Thirkell Elementary School, Golightly K-8 and Hutchins Middle School, and Northwestern High School serve New Amsterdam.</p><br>
<p>The Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District is a historic district located along Piquette Street in Detroit, Michigan, from Woodward Avenue on the west to Hastings Street on the east. The district extends approximately one block south of Piquette to Harper, and one block north to the Grand Trunk Western Railroad Line. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The area along Piquette was an important center for automobile production in the early 20th century. Ford Motor Company, Studebaker, Cadillac, Dodge, and Regal Motor Car had plants in the area, as well as suppliers such as Fisher Body. In 1910, the two largest automobile producers in the world, Studebaker and Ford, were located next door to each other on Piquette. Although the area is largely empty and derelict now, as recently as the 1950s there were 50,000 workers employed in plants in the district.</p><br>
<h2>General history</h2><br>
<p>Major railroad infrastructure, known as the Milwaukee Junction, was built in the 1890s to facilitate industrial expansion in the city of Detroit. The heart of Milwaukee Junction was Piquette Avenue, although industrial plants were built in this area on both sides of Woodward Avenue, with the automotive industry prominently involved. The area west of Woodward and south of the railroad tracks is the New Amsterdam Historic District, while a portion of the area east of Woodward is now the Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<h3>Autocar Service Building</h3><br>
<p>The Autocar Service Building is located on the southwest corner of Piquette and Brush. It is currently owned by the City of Detroit Parks and Recreation Department.</p><br>
<h3>E-M-F/Studebaker Plant (201 - 285 Piquette)</h3><br>
<p>The Studebaker Plant was located on the north side of Piquette, between Brush and John R. The building first housed Wayne Automotive in 1906. The owners of E-M-F formed a manufacturing and distribution partnership with Studebaker, and eventually Studebaker took control of E-M-F (and the plant) in 1910. After Studebaker left the plant, Chrysler used it until the mid-1960s as a parts facility.</p><br>
<p>The building was used in part for warehousing after that, as well as home the Piquette Market, a meat wholesaler. In June 2005, the plant was completely destroyed in a fire.</p><br>
<p>When Studebaker began production of the two models of the Rockne, the larger "75" was produced in South Bend, beginning December 15, 1931; and the smaller "65" went into production at the old E-M-F plant on Piquette Avenue in Detroit, February 22, 1932. This Piquette Avenue plant was the same plant at which the 1927 and 1928 Erskine models had been built. Rocknes were also produced at Studebakers Walkerville, Ontario plant.</p><br>
<p>The 1933 Rockne line was reduced to one line, the "10". The Rockne "10" was an update of the "65". When Studebaker went into receivership on March 18, 1933, it was decided to move production of the Rockne to the Studebaker plant in South Bend. The Rockne "10" was built in South Bend from April through July, 1933."</p><br>
<h3>Ford Piquette Avenue Plant (461 Piquette)</h3><br>
<p>The Ford Piquette Avenue Plant is located at 461 Piquette, on the northwest corner of Piquette and Beaubien. It is a three-story mill-style building designed by Field, Hinchman, and Smith for Ford in 1904. The first Model Ts were built in this building. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 17, 2006.</p><br>
<h3>Fisher Body Plant 23 (601 Piquette)</h3><br>
<p>The Fisher Body Plant 23 is located on the northeast corner of Piquette and Beaubien.</p><br>
<h3>Fisher Body Plant 21 (700 Piquette)</h3><br>
<p>The Fisher Body Plant 21 is located on the southeast corner of Piquette and St. Antoine. It was designed in 1921 by Albert Kahn for Fisher Body, who manufactured Buick and Cadillac bodies in the plant until 1925. The plant is six stories tall, with a footprint of 200 ft by 581 ft and an interior area of 536,000 square feet. The plant was used as an engineering design facility from 1930–1956; In 1999, as a result of unpaid property taxes, the building became the property of the City of Detroit and was re-addressed as 6051 Hastings St.</p><br>
<p>The Antlers Guard Station is a rustic cabin located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest in northeastern Oregon, United States. It was originally built to house fire crews assigned to patrol the surrounding National Forest. Since the 1990s, the United States Forest Service rents Antlers Guard Station and other forest cabins and lookout stations to recreational visitors. The Antlers Guard Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, Forest Service employees often traveled many miles from local ranger stations to forest work sites. Since the forest road networks were not well developed, getting to a job site meant a long trek, carrying all the equipment needed to perform the field work. This made it impractical for employees to make daily round trips. To facilitate work at remote sites, the Forest Service built guard stations at strategic locations throughout the forest to house fire patrols and project crews.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most National Forest areas within a few hours. As a result, guard stations lost their utility. The Forest Service found new uses for some stations, but most were demolished or abandoned.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, historic preservation groups, with the support of Forest Service employees, began pressing National Forest managers to preserve the remaining structures. To finance the preservation effort, the Forest Service started renting its guard stations to the public. It later began renting out many unused fire lookout towers as well.</p><br>
<p>The Antlers Guard Station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935. It was originally used as a home station for fire crews patrolling the surrounding forest. The Wallowa–Whitman National Forest started renting cabins including Antlers Guard Station to the public in the early 1990s. Because of its rustic architecture and the cabin&#39;s unique historic value as an early Forest Service guard station, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Antlers Guard Station is located at an elevation of 4,107 ft on the west bank of the North Fork of the Burnt River approximately two miles from the abandoned Whitney, Oregon town site. The forest area around the cabin is dominated by ponderosa pine and provides scenic views.</p><br>
<p>The Antlers Guard Station has wood frame construction and a concrete foundation. Its exterior is covered with weather board and shingles. It has two small rooms: the front room is a combined living room and bedroom. It is furnished with a futon style double bed and two bunk bed sets. The kitchen is equipped with a propane stove, table and chairs. The cabin has a propane fireplace for heat and propane lights.</p><br>
<p>An outhouse is located near the cabin. Water is available from an outside hand pump. There is a garage, a fire pit, and an outdoor picnic table located on the guard station grounds. There is also room for tent camping at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The Antlers Guard Station can be rented by the night. The Wallowa–Whitman National Forest keeps 95 percent of the rental fee to maintain the cabin and improve the site. The cabin is available year round and can be booked for up to seven days at a time. Kitchen utensils are provided, but visitors must bring their own sleeping bags or bedding, toiletries, towel, and first aid kit.</p><br>
<p>In the summer, visitors can hike trails or bike on forest roads. The cabin is also used by fishermen and hunters. Cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling on designated routes are popular winter activities. In addition, it is legal to pan for gold in the Burnt River, which flows next to the guard station. Because the cabin is located in an isolated forest area, the Forest Service warns visitors to watch out for mountain lions, black bears, and rattle snakes.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Antlers Guard Station is located approximately two miles from the old Whitney town site. It is 22 miles northwest of Unity, Oregon, and 40 miles west of Baker City, Oregon. Cabin reservations and detailed directions to the site can be obtained from the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest. In the winter, snow in the area can get deep so the Forest Service recommends that visitors carry tire chains during the winter.</p><br>
<p>Hollywood Tower, originally known as La Belle Tour, is a large apartment building in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The tower, built in 1929, was a popular residence for entertainment industry employees for many years and has often been cited as the inspiration for Disney&#39;s Twilight Zone Tower of Terror attractions. The real-life Hollywood Tower was listed in the National Register of Historical Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Sophisticated living in Hollywood's "Golden Age"</h2><br>
<p>The V-shaped building, designed by architects Cramer & Wise in a faux French Normandy style, was built in 1929. At the time, it was a Class A building with more than 50 apartments, with three penthouse units, a subterranean garage, and private and public roof gardens. Located in the heart of Hollywood, the tower became a favorite place of residence for entertainment industry employees. A plaque by the front door reads: "Hollywood Tower. 1929. Sophisticated living for film luminaries during the Golden Age of Hollywood." Actor George Raft owned an interest in the building and lived there for a time. In her novel Stormy Weather, Paula L. Woods wrote: "Hollywood Tower was a seven-story, indecisive gray building at the corner of Franklin and Vista Del Mar in Hollywood. The faux French Normandy apartment building was so old it probably had a view of the sea when it was built Hollywood Tower, though, was a last vestige of an earlier era. You could tell by the way the planting in the front was kept neatly trimmed and the lobby smelled Spic-and-Span clean."</p><br>
<p>The building directly abuts the Hollywood Freeway, and its neon "HOLLYWOOD TOWER" sign looking directly over the northbound freeway is a Hollywood landmark. Hollywood historian Marc Wanamaker said, "It has been a major landmark since it was built. Even before the freeway, it was a landmark on that hill."</p><br>
<h2>Purchases and sales of the property</h2><br>
<p>The building was purchased over the years by South American investors for $300,000 in 1937, by Justus P. Seeburg in 1939 for $250,000, and by Sam Gutlin in 1953 for $642,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Hollywood Tower was sold to Deseret Properties, a Glendale, California firm owned by Blain Anderson. When Deseret bought the property, it was in poor shape, and the new owner invested approximately $50,000 in new carpeting and paint. However, Deseret found the project to be difficult to operate due to the adoption of rent control by the City of Los Angeles in 1978, and problems collecting rent from tenants who "didnt get that part" or "didnt sell that piece of music." In order to achieve a more stable flow of rental income, the new owner began courting senior citizens as tenants, and by 1981, 31 of the building&#39;s 56 apartments were occupied by senior citizens.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold in 2007 for $34.5 million to a Phoenix-based developer Alliance Residential with plans to build additional units on the land across Vista del Mar. Since the acquisition, ownership has invested more than $1 million in renovations and upgrades to the building and opened the new adjacent development, La Belle, in mid-2010.</p><br>
<p>As of 2015, The Hollywood Tower has been sold to Los Angeles-based developer MWest Holdings, and managed by their subsidiary, Polaris management. La Belle has been sold to Legacy Partners and is now known as "La Belle at Hollywood Tower." The two buildings are effectively separate entities.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Hollywood Tower was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Though the architectural styles differ, the Hollywood Tower is "often cited as the inspiration" for the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror attractions at Disney parks in Florida, California, Paris and Tokyo. Like the real-life Hollywood Tower, the "Hollywood Tower Hotel" structure at the Disney theme parks bears the same classic "Hollywood Tower" sign and spiraling towers. A made-for-TV adaptation based on the ride entitled Tower of Terror was released in 1997, though while both the attraction and the movie shared the same basic premise of five people being killed in an elevator, the movie lacked any connection to The Twilight Zone.</p><br>
<p>The Hollywood Tower appears prominently, by name, in the 1948 mystery film Devils Cargo, part of The Falcon series. It is also featured in Brian De Palmas 1984 thriller Body Double, a movie notable for its setting in a number of Los Angeles landmarks. The Hollywood Tower received ample screen time in the 1980 screwball comedy Midnight Madness, produced by Walt Disney Productions.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Well-known motion picture character actor Eugene Pallette was one of the first residents and lived in the building for all the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Wiley Hose Company Building is located at 30 West Bridge Street in Catskill, New York. The three story, brick building is a representative example of a turn-of-the-century firehouse. It was built in 1900 by George W. Holdridge, a local builder. The brick was produced in the Catskill area, and is complemented by stone and terra cotta detailing. The firehouse was altered somewhat around 1930 to accommodate the newer, larger mechanized fire equipment that replaced horse-drawn and smaller mechanized equipment. The matching entry porticos on either side were added at this time, and the wooden flooring in the equipment bay was replaced with concrete.</p><br>
<p>The West Catskill fire district served by this firehouse was founded in 1855. At that time, it was called the West Catskill Fire Company. In 1893, the company was renamed after the owner of the Kaatskill Knitting Company, General W.S.C. Wiley. In 1902 it was renamed again and subsequently called Hose Company No. 1. The building was used as an active firehouse until 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Wiley Hose Company was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>A&#39; Mharconaich is a Scottish mountain that is located 29 km WNW of Blair Atholl in the Highland council area. It is in a group of mountains that lie west of the A9 road near the summit of the Pass of Drumochter and are known accordingly as the Drumochter Hills. The hill is just within the Cairngorms National Park although it is not part of the Cairngorms mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>A&#39; Mharconaich is a Munro of height 975 metres (3199 feet). It is well seen by travellers on the A9 to which it shows it more steeper and rugged eastern flanks with a high corrie located just beneath the summit. The mountains names translates from the Gaelic as "the horse place" and dates from a time when horses were a valuable element of the economy of the region: places where horses gathered would be noted and named accordingly. The hill is crossed by the border between Perth and Kinross and Highland areas or in the old day Perthshire and Inverness-shire and is marked by old rusting fence posts which can be used as an aid to navigation when traversing the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>A Mharconaich has a SW-NE orientated summit ridge, just over a kilometre long with high points at each end. The NE summit is regarded as the highest point and this has been confirmed by an Abney Level survey which found the SW top, named Bruach nan Iomairean, to be a few metres lower. The 1974 edition of Munros Tables moved the summit to the SW top, possibly in error, but the location reverted to the original summit in 1981. A&#39; Mharconaich throws out two fine steep ridges on either side of the eastern corrie. The NE ridge descends initially as a steep buttress before easing and continuing for three km to reach the A9 at Balsporran Cottages.</p><br>
<p>The less well defined eastern ridge descends steeply from Bruach nan Iomairean to a col with a height of approximately 655 metres which links to the hill the Boar of Badenoch also known as An Torc. The line of old fence posts can be followed the whole way. The Boar reaches a height of 739 metres and is a Graham Top. It is a fine viewpoint down into the Pass of Drumochter.</p><br>
<p>To the SW A Mharconaich links to the adjacent Munro of Beinn Udlamain, again following the fence posts for four km across undulating ground with little loss of height. This area is often teeming with deer being part of the Dalnaspidal deer forest. 2.5 km to the north is another Munro, Geal-chàrn which is reached by descending to a height of 739 metres and traversing around the head of Coire Fhar. Drainage from A Mharconaich reaches the east coast of Scotland but is divided by the Pass of Drumochter, either going north to join the River Spey or south to meet the River Tay.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents and view</h2><br>
<p>There are two starting points for the direct ascent of A Mharconaich and several permutations if it is being climbed in conjunction with other hills as it usually is. One route starts on the A9 at the top of the Pass of Drumochter at grid reference and goes up Coire Dhomhain for just over a kilometre and then ascending NW to the col between A Mharconaich and the Boar of Badenoch from where the line of fence posts is followed steeply to the summit ridge. This starting point can be used for a complete circuit of Coire Dhomhain taking in the other two Munros of Sgairneach Mhòr and Beinn Udlamain.</p><br>
<p>An alternative start is at Balsporran cottages, and offers a direct ascent up the NE ridge or a longer walk which takes in the adjoining Munro of Geal-chàrn. The summit is marked by a substantial collection of stones which has been shaped in to a wind shelter rather than the usual cairn. The view includes Loch Ericht and Loch Pattack to the NW and the Ben Alder massif.</p><br>
<p>Sandia Cave, also called the Sandia Man Cave, is an archaeological site near Bernalillo, New Mexico, within Cibola National Forest. First discovered and excavated in the 1930s, the site exhibits evidence of human use from 9,000 to 11,000 years ago. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961. The site is open to the public, up a difficult half-mile trail off New Mexico State Road 165.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sandia Cave is located on a steep side wall of Las Huertas Canyon, on the north side of the Sandia Mountains northeast of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The public trailhead to access the cave is on the east side of NM165. The site is rather difficult to reach, as it is requires traversing ledges and a steep metal staircase.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cave was discovered in 1936. Archaeologists argued about claims associated with this site for decades, making it difficult to determine its importance. The site was excavated in the 1930s and 1940s by Frank Hibben while at the University of New Mexico.</p><br>
<p>Both Folsom and Sandia hunting points were recovered, with the hitherto unknown Sandia points interpreted by Hibben as being much older than any other evidence of man in North America. Faunal remains included extinct, Pleistocene mammals. Later study of stratigraphy and radiometric dates corrected serious earlier misinterpretations, leaving "Sandia Man" as definitely younger than earlier claimed.</p><br>
<p>Faunal remains recovered by Hibben and others include such extinct forms as mammoth, mastodon, sloth, horses, and camels, as well as many mammal and bird species that survived the end of the Pleistocene, making this one of the most important Pleistocene paleontological sites in northern New Mexico.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Bolduc House, also known as Maison Bolduc, is a historic house museum at 123 South Main Street in Ste. Geneviève, Missouri. It is an example of poteaux sur solle  construction, and is located in the first European settlement in the present-day state of Missouri. The first historic structure in Ste. Genevieve to be authentically restored, the house is a prime example of the traditional French Colonial architecture of the early 18th century in North America and was designated in 1970 as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ste. Genevieve was founded in the mid-eighteenth century by French-Canadian settlers, most of whom migrated from villages on the east bank of the Mississippi River, such as Prairie du Rocher, Illinois. Because of repeated flooding from the Mississippi River, with an especially bad occurrence in 1785, they decided to relocate to a higher site further away from the river.</p><br>
<p>In 1792 Louis Bolduc, a successful merchant and trader, who also had lead mines to the west, built a one-story house at the new village site, about three miles north of the first. First to be built in the one-story house was a large "keeping room", about 26x 27, where the family conducted most of its activities. It has a large fireplace at the north end, and a wide-plank puncheon floor, made of logs cut flat on only one side, with the curved side laid down. Storage for lead, corn and other goods was in the attic above the room. In 1793, Bolduc had the wide hallway and a large sleeping chamber added, the latter also about 26 x 27 in size. Historians believe the sleeping chamber had two "sleeping cells," areas partially walled off for privacy: one for him and his wife and one shared by their three children. Bolduc had tall windows with glass installed in both large rooms, another mark of his wealth.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the house were built with heavy oak timbers set about six inches apart and infilled with bousillage, a mixture of mud, straw, and horsehair that hardened to a cement-like texture. Sometimes other animal or human hair was added to the mixture. Diagonal timbers on each supporting wall added stability. The steep hip roof, made of cedar shakes, was supported by heavy, hand-hewn Norman trusses held together by mortise and tenon joinery. It extends over the four sides of the house&#39;s porches to provide shade and cooling. The house is surrounded by a reconstructed stockade fence typical of the time (to keep out livestock that roamed in the area). Gardens have been reconstructed on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>Located at 123 South Main, the property was owned by Bolduc family descendants until the 1940s. Furnished with pieces typical of the period, today it is operated as a historic house museum. Three items are original to the Bolduc family. The property has been owned since 1949 and operated by The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America in the State of Missouri. It was restored in 1956-1957, under the direction of the architectural historian, Dr. Ernest Allen Connally. As may be seen by a comparison of photos below, the house was restored to show its original colonial style, whose elements were intact under later changes. In 1970 the house was designated a National Historic Landmark. It is a contributing property in the Ste. Genevieve Historic District, which has National Historic Landmark status.</p><br>
<h2>Photos of the Bolduc House</h2><br>
<h3>Recent</h3><br>
<h3>Archival</h3><br>
<h2>Historic flags flown at Ste. Genevieve</h2><br>
<p>The Port of Taipei or Taipei Harbor  is a port in Bali District, New Taipei, Taiwan. It is the latest operated international port of Taiwan. The Phase I of the project was initiated by Port of Tamsui in 1993 and was completed in 1998. Government and private investors have been cooperating on Phase II construction since July 1996. Phase II will utilize a water area of 2,833 hectares and land area of 269 hectares for a total of 3,102 hectares. The port was scheduled to be completed in 2011. Estimates anticipate annual volumes by that date of 4,000,000 TEU, superseding the current volume of the Keelung Port.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A NT$1.35 billion (US$46.65 million) dredging project began in February 2011 to increase the depths of the port&#39;s fairway and turning basins to between 16 and 17.5 meters to increase capacity and competitiveness.</p><br>
<p>Ste. Genevieve Historic District is a historic district encompassing much of the built environment of Ste. Genevieve, Missouri. The city was in the late 18th century the capital of Spanish Louisiana, and, at its original location a few miles south, capital of French Louisiana as well. A large area of the city, including fields along the Mississippi River, is a National Historic Landmark District designated in 1960, for its historically French architecture and land-use patterns, while a smaller area, encompasses the parts of the city historically important between about 1790 and 1950, was named separately to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Ste. Genevieve is home to one of the highest concentrations of distinctive types of French colonial architecture known as poteaux en terre, or post in ground, and Poteaux-sur-sol, or post on sill. Both of these styles involve construction of walls consisting of vertical logs, the former placed directly into the ground, and the latter onto a horizontal sill of wood or stone. Prominent local examples of these architectural styles include the Beauvais-Amoureux House, the Felix Vallé House State Historic Site, La Maison de Guibourd, the Delassus-Kern House, the Louis Bolduc House (itself listed separately as a National Historic Landmark).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ste. Genevieve was established in the 1750s by French colonists, when the territory west of the Mississippi River was part of French Louisiana. It became the principle civic center of the region, and continued to be so when the area passed into Spanish control with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The original site of Ste. Genevieve, about 3 mi south of the present city, was severely damaged by major flooding in 1785. After this event, the city was, over the next ten years, relocated to its present site on higher ground. The oldest surviving buildings in the city date to this period, with the church moved from its old site in 1793. The agricultural area just outside the city to the southeast is largely still laid out as it was at that time, following traditional French colonial lines.</p><br>
<p>Americans began to arrive in Ste. Genevieve after the Louisiana Purchase in 1810, and were followed by immigrant groups as the 19th century progressed. By the mid-19th century German-Americans made up the single largest population group in the city. Late in the 19th century, the manufacture of lime became a major local industry, and in 1904 the city became the western end of a railroad ferry, connecting to Kellogg, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Historic preservation and district designations</h2><br>
<p>The importance of Ste. Genevieves early architecture has long been recognized. In the 1930s a number of its builds were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), and the Bolduc House was restored in 1956-57. The National Park Service conducted a historic site survey of the region in 1960, leading to the designation of the National Historic Landmark District, one of the first to be made. A survey by the Park Service in 1980 identified the location of Ste. Genevieves early settlement on the Mississippi floodplain, which had long been thought to be lost to floodwaters. The state has stepped in to acquire several of the older buildings for preservation and interpretation as historic sites.</p><br>
<p>The landmark designation as made in 1960 was short on details and exact boundaries. In 1970, the designation was amended to set a boundary, encompassing about 1,200 acre, including much of the town and river bottomlands that reflected French colonial land-use methods. Repeated attempts to further update the landmark designation, including an explicit enumeration of contributing and non-contributing properties, have been made (in 1975, 1986, and 2001), but none of these have passed review. As part of the 2001 work, a separate National Register nomination was prepared, approved in 2002 by the Park Service, that focused on the areas broader historical patterns. Its boundaries exclude the outlying agricultural areas. The park service has been developing plans for a potential national historical park based on Ste. Genevieves history and architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Historic flags flown over Ste. Genevieve</h2><br>
<h2>Selected bibliography</h2><br>
<h3>Related sources</h3><br>
<h4>Pre-Louisiana Purchase</h4><br>
<p>Alvord, Clarence W. and Sutton, Robert M., The Illinois Country, 1673–1818,</p><br>
<p>Belting, Natalia Maree, Kaskaskia under the French Regime by</p><br>
<p>Brackenridge, Henri Marie, Recollections of Persons and Places in the West (Google Books)</p><br>
<p>Ekberg, Carl J., Colonial Ste. Genevieve: An Adventure on the Mississippi Frontier, Tucson, AZ: Patrice Press, 1996</p><br>
<p>Ekberg, Carl J., Francois Vallé and His World: Upper Louisiana Before Lewis and Clark, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2002.</p><br>
<p>Ekberg, Carl J., Stealing Indian Women: Native Slavery in the Illinois Country, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Ekberg, Carl J., Francois Valle and His World: Upper Louisiana before Lewis & Clark, Tucson, AZ: Patrice Press, 2006</p><br>
<p>Ekberg, Carl J., French Roots in the Illinois Country: The Mississippi Frontier in Colonial Times, Tucson, AZ: Patrice Press,</p><br>
<h4>Post Louisiana Purchase</h4><br>
<p>Aron, Stephen, American Confluence: The Missouri Frontier from Borderland to Border State</p><br>
<p>Peterson, Charles E., Colonial St. Louis: Building a Creole Capitol, Tucson, AZ: Patrice Press, 2001.</p><br>
<p>Schroeder, Walter A., Opening the Ozarks: A Historical Geography of Missouri’s Ste. Genevieve District, 1760–1830, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2002.</p><br>
<p>Stepenoff, Bonnie, From French Community to Missouri Town, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Missouri Life Magazine, Lewis And Clark’s Journey Across Missouri, Booneville, MO: Missouri Life Magazine, 2003.</p><br>
<h4>Overall History of Ste. Genevieve, Missouri</h4><br>
<p>Franzwa, Gregory M., The Story of Old Ste. Genevieve, Tucson: Patrice Press, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Deposki, Richard, Images of America: Ste. Genevieve, Chicago, IL: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Evans, Mark L., The Commandant’s Last Ride, Tucson, AZ: Patrice Press, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Foster, Gerald, American Houses: A Field Guide to the Architecture of the Home, New York: Houghton Mifflin Co. 2004.</p><br>
<p>Naeger, Bill, Patti Naeger, and Mark Evans, Ste. Genevieve: A Leisurely Stroll through History. Ste. Genevieve, MO: Merchant Street Publishing, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Wehmeyer, Janice C., Ste. Genevieve, MO: A Guided Tour Through the Past and Present, self-published: 1993</p><br>
<p>Bjørnøya  is a populated island in Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is connected to the Norwegian mainland through a man-made causeway. The nearest larger village on the mainland is Søvik. To the east of the Bjørnøya  lies the island of Terøya. The two islands are separated by the Bjørnøysundet. The island was part of the former municipality of Borgund until 1965 when it joined Haram.</p><br>
<p>There are several hamlets on the island, the notable ones among them are Bjørnøya and Fagerheim. The children on the island are served by the school in Søvik, just 6 km to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The highest point on Bjørnøya is the 124 m tall Bjørnøyfjellet. A marked path leads up to the top. Another moderately-high peak on the central-north part of the island rises to elevation of 80 m. Other attractions on the island include the Bjørnøya coastal fort (Bjørnøya Kystfort) in the south. There are also beaches, forests, and wetlands (Tangane) in the northeast part of the island. The municipality of Haram has plans to develop two preserves on the island: one preserving shores and the other preserving the wetlands.</p><br>
<p>Willard Bay is a man-made fresh water reservoir in the Great Salt Lake, in northern Utah. The bay was separated from the Great Salt Lake in 1964, and has since served as a source of irrigation, drinking water, and recreation for the northern Wasatch Front metro area.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Willard Bay is a 9,900 acre freshwater reservoir located in eastern Box Elder County, Utah, north-west of the city of Ogden, on the north-eastern floodplains of the Great Salt Lake.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is operated by the Weber Basin Water Conservancy District and recreation activities are administered by Utah State Parks and Recreation. Fish in Willard Bay include black crappie, walleye, wiper, smallmouth bass, channel catfish, bluegill, and gizzard shad (which are unlawful to possess). At an elevation of about 4,200 ft, the area around Willard Bay features cottonwood and other high desert trees. In winter, the area is a wildlife area for watching nesting eagles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1949, U.S. Senator Arthur Vivian Watkins, a Republican from Utah who served from 1946 to 1959, passed through Congress the Weber Basin Project. This project called for the creation of a reservoir to store surplus water from the Ogden and Weber rivers that could later be accessed for use on farmland.</p><br>
<p>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation designed and constructed a 36 ft-high earth-filled dike to create the 26.4 mi2 enclosure. The dike, which impounds 215,200 acre-feet of water, was completed in 1964 by the W.W. Clyde Company, and was named the Arthur V. Watkins Dam. The resulting reservoir was then drained of salt water and refilled with fresh, directly from the Weber River. The bay was named after the nearby town of Willard, which itself was named after the LDS apostle Willard Richards.</p><br>
<p>A bill in Congress, H.R. 839 and S. 512, The Arthur V. Watkins Dam Enlargement Act, was introduced in the 2007 session to authorize a feasibility study to enlarge the dam. While the bill passed the House of Representatives, it was suspended in the Senate and never became law.</p><br>
<h2>Willard Bay State Park</h2><br>
<p>Willard Bay State Park is located on the eastern shore of Willard Bay. It features two state-owned facilities. The north marina is 15 mi north of Ogden. It has 62 campsites, restrooms, showers, full RV hook-ups, and seasonal/transient boat slip rentals. The south marina is 8 mi north of Ogden. It is only open April through October, and features 30 campsites with restrooms, 24 of which have full hookups.</p><br>
<p>Watrous, also named La Junta, is a National Historic Landmark District near Watrous, New Mexico. It encompasses the historic junction point of the two major branches of the Santa Fe Trail, a major 19th-century frontier settlement route between St. Louis, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico. La Junta, marked this junction point, as well as the first major indications of civilization before westbound travelers reached Santa Fe. The district includes a large area west of the modern community of Watrous, encompassing the confluence of the Mora and Sapello Rivers. Surviving buildings include the houses of early ranchers, as well as a stagecoach mailstop and inn. The district was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Santa Fe Trail was one of the major routes by which the American West was settled. It had two major branches: the Mountain Branch, which skirted north of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and crossed southward at Raton Pass, and the Cimarron Cutoff, which ran a more direct route south of mountains but across desert that was also populated by hostile Native Americans. These two routes came together to the west of the confluence of the Mora and Sapello Rivers, which is just north of present-day Watrous. The Santa Fe Trail remained in use until the 1870s, when it was supplanted by Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, whose route roughly follows the Cimarron Cutoff route. The railroad established the present-day community of Watrous east of the trail junction, after which the small community there was largely abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The community at the trail junction was known as La Junta ("the junction" in Spanish), Tiptonville, or Watrous, the latter two based on the names of two early ranchers in the area, Samuel Watrous and William Tipton. There are 21 surviving structures or foundational remains in the district, most of which were built before 1870. Important surviving structures include the ranch house and store of Samuel Watrous (now on the Watrous Valley Ranch), a similar building belonging to William Tipton, and the rancho house of William Koenig. The Koenig House, built in the 1860s on what is now known as the Phoenix Ranch, is one of the state&#39;s finest examples of Territorial architecture. There are also three small cemeteries, and the remains of three structures associated with a horse corral managed by Fort Union.</p><br>
<p>Carter Notch is a high mountain pass through the White Mountains of New Hampshire. It is traversed only by hiking trails. The notch is located in the Carter-Moriah Range within the White Mountain National Forest, in Bean&#39;s Purchase, Coos County, New Hampshire. It is bordered to the west by Wildcat Mountain , and to the east by Carter Dome . There are two small ponds in the notch, the Carter Lakes, as well as a large boulder field named The Ramparts. The ponds drain south through the talus barrier formed by The Ramparts. The height of land is to the north. To the north, the notch drains via Nineteenmile Brook, which flows into the Peabody River. Drainage to the south is into the Wildcat River, which flows into the Saco River.</p><br>
<p>Located in the notch is the Appalachian Mountain Club&#39;s Carter Notch Hut (el. 3,288 ft). The notch is accessible in winter by snowshoes or backcountry skis.</p><br>
<p>The Miami and Erie Canal Deep Cut is a preserved, 6,600 ft long, segment of the Miami and Erie Canal, United States. In order to avoid using locks to go over a ridge, the canal was dug deeply into the ridge, far more than the 5 ft depth of the canal itself. Workers dug the canal bed up to 52 ft into the blue clay ridge that separated the St. Marys and Auglaize River watersheds. It is a United States National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Miami and Erie Canal was one of Ohio&#39;s two major artificial waterways. The canal stretched from Cincinnati to Toledo, by way of Dayton; the canal brought settlers into western Ohio and provided access to markets for farmers. The advent of railroads rendered the canal system obsolete.</p><br>
<p>The Deep Cut is located two miles (3 km) south of Spencerville on State Route 66. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The boundaries of the National Historic Landmark area are State Route 66, Mendon Road, Route 66A, and Henne Road, spanning the Allen/Auglaize county line.</p><br>
<h2>Deep Cut Historical Park</h2><br>
<p>Part of the canal bed is preserved in Deep Cut Historical Park just outside Spencerville, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The Loren Andrus Octagon House, also known as the Washington Octagon House, is an historic octagon house located at 57500 Van Dyke Street just north of 26 Mile Road in Washington Township, Macomb County, Michigan. On September 3, 1971, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Loren Andrus was born in 1816 in New York, and moved with his parents to Washington Township in 1828. Using Orson Squire Fowler&#39;s A Home For All as a guide, they began constructing this house, finishing in 1860.</p><br>
<p>Andrus was quite active in local cultural organizations, and the house served as a social center for the community. In 1890, Lucinda Davis Andrus died. Loren Andrus sold the house in 1894 and moved to Detroit.</p><br>
<p>After Andrus&#39;s death, the house changed hands several times, and was even used as a restaurant in the late 30s. In 1945, the Detroit Board of Education established Albert H. Schmidt Foundation Farm on the property to train high school and college students in agricultural techniques. The house served as a dormitory, and was operated by Wayne State University as an extension of their agricultural college. The house was later sold back into provate hands and converted back into a single family residence.</p><br>
<p>It is now owned by the Friends of the Loren Andrus Octagon House, Inc., which bought it in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Loren Andrus Octagon House is a two-story, eight-sided structure constructed of brick. The roof has extravagant Italianate supporting brackets and an octagonal cupola with weatherboard sheathing on top. An large porch supported by Neo-Corinthian wood columns wraps around seven of the eight sides of the house. On the eighth side, a single-story brick kitchen wing with low gable roof extends to the rear. The house has two-sash double-hung windows with shaped wood lintels.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the octagon houses four rooms on each level. In the center of the house is a dramatic spiral staircase, which extends upward from the main floor all the way to the cupola. Triangular alcoves lead off the stair to each of the rooms. Ceilings throughout the house are twelve feet high.</p><br>
<p>The Longwood Historic District is a recognized historic district located in the center of the Longwood neighborhood in the South Bronx, New York. It encompasses about three square blocks roughly bounded by Beck Street, Longwood, Leggett, and Prospect Avenues.</p><br>
<p>The district consists of semi-detached rowhouses, most of which have been converted into S.R.O.s (Single Room Occupancy). The district includes 61 contributing buildings. It is primarily residential, but also includes the site of the former Prospect Hospital, two churches (United Church and St. Margarets Episcopal Church), and a much altered estate house (Patrolman P. Lynch Community Center). Most of the semi-detached rowhouses were designed at the same time by one architect, Warren C. Dickerson.</p><br>
<p>The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission made it a historic district in 1980 and extended it in 1983.</p><br>
<p>On September 26, 1983, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Ogurja Ada  is the largest island in Turkmenistan and the longest in the Caspian Sea. Ogurja Island is also widely known by its Russian name Ogurchinskiy Island .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Ogurja is a desert island that lies not far from the coast in the southeastern Caspian Sea. It is located 17 km SSW of the southern tip of the Cheleken Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>Ogurja Ada is very long and narrow. It runs from north to south, having a length of 42 km and a maximum width of 1.5 km. It is made up of low sand dunes, mostly covered with grass and bushes. The northern end, which was formerly a compact mass, was broken up into smaller islets by wave action.</p><br>
<p>The island has no permanent settlements owing to the lack of fresh water. Between the 15th and the 17th centuries, Ogurchinskiy was a refuge for pirates and wayfarers and, later, was a leper colony.</p><br>
<p>Administratively Ogurja Ada belongs to the Balkan Province (Balkan Welaýaty) of Turkmenistan.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) and varied marine birds inhabit the island. Ogurja Ada is part of the Hazar Nature Reserve of Turkmenistan.</p><br>
<p>Arrow Rock Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing the village of Arrow Rock, Missouri and the adjacent Arrow Rock State Historic Site. The Arrow Rock area was where the historic Santa Fe Trail crossed the Missouri River, and was thus a key stopping point during the settlement of the American West. The 260 acre historic district was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Arrow Rock is named for a stone formation that has been a recognized landmark on the Missouri River since the 18th century, supposedly prized by local Native Americans as a source of stone for tools and weapons. A ferry was established in the area in 1815, providing westward access to settlers passing through Franklin on the eastern bank. In the 1820s this route became known as the Santa Fe Trail, and became a major route by which settlers traveled west. The town of Arrow Rock provided services to these travelers, with a tavern (the still -standing 1834 J. Huston Tavern) and a fresh-water spring among the amenities. By the mid-19th century the town had a population of 1,000. As the trail declined in importance, so did the town&#39;s population.</p><br>
<p>Since 1912, Arrow Rock has transformed from a small river town into a major heritage-tourism center thanks to an active historic preservation movement. In 1963 it was recognized as a National Historic Landmark site, in 2006 the National Trust for Historic Preservation listed it as one of its "Dozen Distinctive Destination" sites, and in 2008 it was recognized as a "Preserve America Community." For most of the 20th century, preservation and interpretation activities focused almost exclusively on the upscale white, male components, ignoring the role of the majority population population. Beginning in 1996, Arrow Rock redefined has utilized public history and archaeology to emphasize new interpretive programs that Pay much more attention to the African American heritage. Preservationists and historians are eager to involve this previously marginalized descendant community.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes both the incorporated village of Arrow Rock, and the grounds of the adjacent state historic site, which partly overlap each other. The village includes a significant number of surviving pre-Civil War buildings, including the tavern, a courthouse, jail, and several churches. Within the bounds of the state park is the George Caleb Bingham House, a modest brick structure (now restored) that was the home of frontier artist George Caleb Bingham.</p><br>
<p>The Tyuleniy Archipelago, Түлен аралдары Tülen Araldary, Тюленьи острова is an island group in the north-eastern Caspian Sea located off the Mangyshlak Bay west of the Mangyshlak Peninsula and about 13 km NW of the Tupkaragan Peninsula, 27 km north of Bautino. Perhaps the most substantial group of islands in the Caspian, they were first accurately cartographed by Fedor Ivanovich Soimonov who led the 1719 Caspian Expedition, studying the Caspian Sea from 1719 to 1727.</p><br>
<p>Administratively, the Tyuleniy Archipelago belongs to the Mangystau Region of Kazakhstan. It was named "Tyuleniy" —meaning "seal"— after the currently endangered Caspian seal.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>Kulaly Island (Kulaly-Aral) is the westernmost and longest island, stretching 25 km from tip to tip. Its shape is slightly irregular, with inlets and headlands. There is a meteorological station with a lighthouse and a Kazakh border guard post on this island, making it the only one in the group inhabited by man. The terrain on Kulaly is either arid or waterlogged and reed-covered.</p><br>
<p>Morskoy Island (Morskoy Aral) is the next island and the second largest island. It is also the biggest in area, with a length of 19 km and a maximum width of 7 km. This island consists mostly of wetland.</p><br>
<p>Rybachy Island (formerly Ostrov Svyatoy) is long and narrow and is located south of Morskoy.</p><br>
<p>Podgornyy Island is located NE of Rybachy.</p><br>
<p>Novyy Island is the easternmost island. It is located between Podgorny and the mainland and used to have an irregular shape until about 2009. Recent pictures show that this island has eroded heavily.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The islands are desert-like and sandy, with little grass. There are reeds on the leeward side of Kulaly as well as on the other islands, which are much lower and waterlogged. In past centuries many Caspian seals come to the islands&#39; shores, hence the name of the group.</p><br>
<p>The islands have been declared an IBA and a National Protected Zone (State Reservation). There are large concentrations of seagulls and wetland birds, like coots, wild ducks, swans, egrets and waders, in the archipelago during their nesting period. The Tyuleniy island group is also an important breeding ground for the Sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis).</p><br>
<p>Chechen Island  is a coastal island on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. It is located 20 km east of Krainovka right off the headland on the northern tip of the Agrakhan Peninsula. This island belongs to the Republic of Dagestan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The island has a length of 15 km and a maximum width of 10 km. The sea around Chechen Island usually freezes between January and March. Adjacent islands include Lopatin Island (also known as Lopatina), Bazar, Prygunki, Pichuzhonok and Yaichnyy Island and are collectively known as the Chechen Archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>There are many birds on Chechen Island, especially seagulls. In very cold winters herds of Saiga tatarica find refuge in the island.</p><br>
<p>The Cheynies are a group of reefs and small islands, between Oxna and Hildasay in the Shetland Islands. They have been considerably eroded in the historic past, and some of the islands are still connected at low tides. They are about twenty hectares in area.http://shetlopedia.com/Cheynies</p><br>
<h2>Wreck</h2><br>
<p>In September, 2005, the ship Anglian Sovereign collided with the islands</p><br>
<p>https://web.archive.org/web/20070218160344/http://www.sepa.org.uk/news/releases/view.asp?id=369&y=2006, losing vast amounts of diesel that contaminated over 200 birds. She was heading for Scalloway Harbour. The skipper was given six months custodial sentence in non-consecutive terms for pollution. He was the first person in Scotland to be charged with this.https://web.archive.org/web/20070218160344/http://www.sepa.org.uk:80/news/releases/view.asp?id=369&y=2006</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office in Dobbs Ferry, New York serves the ZIP Code 10522, which covers the village of Dobbs Ferry. It is a brick Colonial Revival structure located at the corner of Main and Oak streets, in the downtown section.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1936, as part of a massive postal construction effort. Its architecture features a high level of detail and ornament for the Colonial Revival style. Only two other post offices in New York in that style share the same level of detail. For this reason it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is a one-story, five-by-five-bay steel frame building occupying the corner lot. The ground slopes slightly from the rear to the west-facing front facade (the Hudson River is a short distance in that direction). Thus it was built on a raised foundation. From the rear a three-bay wing projects, giving access to the parking lot.</p><br>
<p>The foundation and exteriors are faced with red brick laid in common bond. The front section, one bay deep, has a roof done in copper with parapeted gables on the end walls. The remainder of the roof is flat. Cast-stone coping outlines the entire roof, and the front has a boxed wood cornice. Bronze lettering above the entrance identifies it as the Dobbs Ferry post office.</p><br>
<p>The entrance centers the entire main facade. It is arched, with flanking wooden pilasters topped with dosserets and a denticulated (toothed) broken-bed pediment. The windows feature splayed brick lintels and capping keystones. Two iron lantern-style lamps frame the door.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the lobby takes an L-shaped form through four of the five bays. It features orange quarry tile and a counter-height dado. The plaster ceiling is coved, and the original wood frames on the bulletin boards and windows, as well as iron grilles on the screenline, remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dobbs Ferry had had a post office under its earlier names of Wickquaequeeck and Greenburgh prior to its incorporation in 1872 and change to its current name a decade later. In 1915 the USA Post Office, then under the auspices of the Treasury Department, began to standardize its local branches across the country. This trend reached Dobbs Ferry when it became one of 136 new post offices authorized for New York State under an amendment to the Public Buildings Act of 1931.</p><br>
<p>Congress did not get around to appropriating the money for a new Dobbs Ferry post office until 1934. In November of that year the current property was acquired for $11,700, and an existing store and residence condemned to make way for the new building. Congress then made $95,000 available for construction, and the Summit Brothers firm began work the next year. The new post office opened for business in 1936.</p><br>
<p>The design, by Treasury supervising architect Louis Simon, used a Colonial Revival style, common for many post offices in and out of New York from 1905 onward. Most of these were simple, somewhat spartan structures, and the level of ornamentation at Dobbs Ferry is a departure from the norm. In New York, only the Granville and Hudson Falls post offices share the parapeted gables and window keystones.</p><br>
<p>It has remained largely intact since its construction. Modern aluminum doors have been installed at the entrance, as well as modern lighting inside. The most significant alteration was the replacement of the original double staircase to the front entrance with a wheelchair-accessible ramp, mandated in federal buildings by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.</p><br>
<p>Temple Adas Israel is a historic synagogue located at the intersection of Washington and College streets in Brownsville, western Tennessee, United States. Built in 1882, it is the oldest synagogue building in Tennessee and one of fewer than a hundred surviving 19th-century synagogues in the country. On January 19, 1979, Temple Adas Israel was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brownsville&#39;s Jewish community began when two German Ashkenazim immigrants, brothers Joe and Sol Sternberger, founded the Adas Israel Congregation in 1867. As immigrants to the United States, the Sternbergers had brought a Torah written on sheepskin. Led by Isaac Levi, the Orthodox community first met for prayers in the home of Jacob and Karoline Felsenthal. Over the next fifteen years, Adas Israel moved towards Reform Judaism and membership grew to 25 families.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, the congregation founded Adas Israel Cemetery, a Jewish burial ground still in use today. The congregation became too large to continue meeting in local homes; therefore, they built a 200-seat wooden synagogue in 1882. A large ceremony took place on March 2, 1882 for the synagogues dedication. Attendees included not only congregation members, but many of the citys non-Jews. Emil Tamm became the first lay leader of the congregation in its new temple.</p><br>
<p>The Adas Israel congregation has never had a full-time rabbi, and subsequent lay leaders have included Abe Sternberger, Morton Felsenthal, Fred Silverstein, and Fred Silverstein Jr. Carolyn Celia Key Raney, great-great-granddaughter of Isaac Levi, served as a lay reader in the late 1970s, standing in for Morton Felsenthal during a one-year leave of absence. She re-established the Temple&#39;s Sunday school.</p><br>
<p>However, during the late 20th century, the congregation&#39;s membership began to decline as families moved to larger cities. In the 21st century, about 12 families attend Sabbath services on Friday night at Temple Adas Israel.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Temple Adas Israel is a modest example of Gothic Revival architecture and was modeled after the United Hebrew Congregation Temple in Louisville, Kentucky. It originally featured a small steeple, an extremely rare feature for a synagogue. The building underwent a major renovation in the 1920s; the wooden siding was replaced with brick, the steeple was removed, and new pews and an organ were installed. A particularly beautiful suite of thirteen stained glass windows, arched in Gothic style, were installed in 1910. The window above the Torah ark is unusual in a synagogue as it depicts a large, realistic human eye; similar to the Eye of Providence found on the one-dollar bill and in Masonic iconography.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Anna E. and Andrew A. Johnstone House  is a historic house in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Built in 1887, the Queen Anne-style house was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>It was a 10-room house, on a triple lot.</p><br>
<p>Anna E. Johnstone was a teacher before marrying. Andrew A. Johnstone owned a china and glassware store in downtown Des Moines. They had two daughters. Andrew died of a stroke in 1892. Anna sold Andrew&#39;s business, moved with the children to a rented apartment, and rented out the house. She sold insurance and real estate and returned to school, receiving a medical degree in 1900 and becoming a doctor of osteopathy, and one of the first women to accomplish that. She moved back into the house and used part of it to operate her osteopathy practice.</p><br>
<p>Anna was a student of Dr. Summerfield S. Still, who ran an osteopathic hospital and school in downtown Des Moines, and lived in North Des Moines.</p><br>
<p>The house was still in the family in 2013: it was owned and occupied by Jon Royal, a great-grandson of Anna E. and Andrew A Johnstone.</p><br>
<p>Anna Johnstone died in 1848.</p><br>
<p>The Colonel Charles Young house is a National Historic Landmark in Wilberforce, Ohio. A career USA Army officer, Charles Young was born into slavery in Kentucky in 1864. He was the third African American graduate of West Point, the first black USA national park superintendent, the first African American military attaché, and the highest ranking black officer in the United States Army until his death in 1922. He also taught military science at Wilberforce University.</p><br>
<p>On March 25, 2013, under the Antiquities Act, President Barack Obama designated the house as the Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument, a unit of the National Park Service. Operated as a house museum with exhibits as well about the Buffalo Soldiers, it is currently open for public visitation.</p><br>
<p>The city hall of Brockton, Massachusetts is located at 45 School Street. It is a predominantly brick 2-1/2 story building sited on an entire city block bounded by School Street, East Elm Street, and City Hall Square. The Romanesque Revival structure was designed by local architect Wesley Lyng Minor, and built in 1892-94. It has entrances on three sides, each under a round Richardsonian arch with carved voussoirs. Its most prominent feature is a five-story tower, decorated with terra cotta panels and topped by a steeply-pitched Gothic style hip roof. The east elevation also has a three-story circular tower topped by a battlement. It was the first purpose-built building for housing the city&#39;s offices. The grand hall of the interior features murals depicting scenes of the American Civil War, painted by Richard Holland and Mortimer Lamb in 1893.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Douglas Lake, also called Douglas Reservoir, is a reservoir created by an impoundment of the French Broad River in Eastern Tennessee. This lake is located only a few miles from the Pigeon Forge/Gatlinburg area, and also the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. See also, Douglas Dam for more information.</p><br>
<p>The Douglas Dam was built by the Tennessee Valley Authority at a record pace from February 2, 1942, through February 19, 1943, to provide hydroelectric power and to control flooding downstream in the Tennessee River Valley. Douglas Dam is located just over 32 mi upstream from the French Broad River&#39;s confluence with the Holston River in Knoxville, to form the Tennessee River. The Douglas Lake reservoir inundates about a 40 mi stretch of the French Broad River between the Douglas Dam and the Irish Bottoms area near Newport. Small portions of the Nolichucky and Pigeon rivers are also impounded by the lake.</p><br>
<p>The resort town of Baneberry is located on the northern shores of the lake in Jefferson County. Dandridge, the county seat of Jefferson County, is located mostly on the northern shores with a small portion on the southern. Parts of downtown Dandridge are located below the lake&#39;s operating levels, and are protected by an earthen dam.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ratz is a mountain located just west of the Stikine River, about 5 km east of the British Columbia-Alaska border. It is the highest peak in the Stikine Icecap and of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains. It is an extremely high-prominence summit, with a difference in elevation with its "key col" at Hyland Ranch Pass of 2,430 m. Thus making it one of Canada&#39;s Ultra peaks.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ratz is named for William F. Ratz, Dominion Land Surveyor and engineer-in-charge of surveying the Taku, Whiting and Stikine Rivers, who died on February 6, 1909.</p><br>
<p>Report of the Chief Astronomer to the Deputy Minister of the Interior, Canada, for the year ending March 31, 1909, p.17; republished in Report of the International Boundary Commission, 1952, footnote p.79.</p><br>
<p>Fair Park College Preparatory High School, also known as Fair Park College Prep. Academy, and Fair Park Medical Careers Magnet High School is a former high school located at 3222 Greenwood Road in Shreveport, Louisiana, USA When it opened as Fair Park High School in 1928, it was the second high school in the city. C.E. Byrd High School had opened three years earlier in 1925. The institution is now known as Fair Park Middle School.</p><br>
<p>In an eight-to-four decision, the Caddo Parish School Board voted in 2017 to merge Fair Park, with seven hundred pupils, with the historically black Booker T. Washington High School. The combined thousand students will attend the Washington campus, with Fair Park becoming a middle school. In standing room only, citizens aired their views to board members on the feasibility of the merger. The board majority claims the merger would save public funds through the combining of resources.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was built during the local oil-driven boom of the late 1920s. The population of Shreveport increased nearly five-fold increase from 1900 to 1930; this created chronic school overcrowding. Fair Park has a three-story main section built of red brick trimmed with limestone. A wing was added in 1931. The entrance features a large pediment resting on colossal pilasters. The building was originally crowned by a three-stage tower, however, the third stage and most of the second were replaced with a small dome-like top in the 1980s. Otherwise, though the building has been further expanded, the bricks sandblasted, and the windows replaced, it would be easily recognizable to its earliest students.</p><br>
<p>From the middle 1950s until 1967, the historian Hubert D. Humphreys taught at Fair Park.</p><br>
<p>Fair Park High School was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>In January 2017, Fair Park suddenly changed its principal after six consecutive years of "failed" ratings and continuing disciplinary problems. Three other high schools under the operation of the Caddo Parish School Board are also rated "failed". Reports persisted that the school would close or be downgraded to a middle school. Booker T. Washington carries a "D" academic rating. Fair Park is rated "F."</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, Earnestine Coleman of the Fair Park Parent, Teacher, Student Association, said that she and fifteen others plan a class action suit under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 against the school board in a bid to halt the merger. Nevertheless, the merger proceeded, and Fair Park became officially a middle school in August 2017. Pupils from Lakeshore Middle School were transferred to Fair Park. Ten schools were converted to K-5 status.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Tim Brando (Class of 1974) CBS Sports announcer</p><br>
<p>Roy L. Brun (Class of 1971), state district court judge and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives</p><br>
<p>C.L. Bryant (Class of 1974), African-American Baptist minister and radio talk show host on KEEL; a Shreveport native</p><br>
<p>Jerry Byrd (Class of 1953, 1935-2016), sportswriter for the defunct Shreveport Journal and the Bossier Press-Tribune; Shreveport native</p><br>
<p>Cecil K. Carter, Jr. (1929-1987), member of the Louisiana State Senate from 1972 to 1976</p><br>
<p>Morris Claiborne (Class of 2009) Dallas Cowboys cornerback</p><br>
<p>Wendell Davis (Class of 1984), Louisiana State University athletics 1984-1987; consensus and SEC All American 1987, Chicago Bears 1988-1993 and Indianapolis Colts 1995 football wide receiver</p><br>
<p>Rick Edmonds (Class of 1974), Republican member since 2016 of the Louisiana House of Representatives for East Baton Rouge Parish</p><br>
<p>Lee Hedges, American football coach</p><br>
<p>Chuck McMichael (Class of 1975), commander-in-chief, Sons of Confederate Veterans, 2008 to 2010</p><br>
<p>Jimmy G. Shoalmire (Class of 1958, 1940-1982), American historian</p><br>
<p>Pat Tilley (Class of 1971), St. Louis Cardinals football player, 1975-1986; leader of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes</p><br>
<p>Stanley R. Tiner (Class of 1960), Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist</p><br>
<p>Lorenz James "Lo" Walker, Mayor of Bossier City</p><br>
<p>Tome Walters, Jr. (Class of 1965), Lieutenant General, United States Air Force, 1970-2004</p><br>
<p>Sam "Charlie" Wilkinson (Class of 1960), Houston Astros 1967 to 1977, Louisiana Tech University Athletics 1977-2005. Wilkinson is the only Fair Park graduate to have played professional baseball.</p><br>
<p>A. L. Williams (Class of 1953), Fair Park and Woodlawn high school football coach; Northwestern State University and Louisiana Tech football coach</p><br>
<p>Faron Young (Class of 1951, 1932-1996), American country music singer and songwriter from the early 1950s through the mid-1970s.</p><br>
<p>Lyndon B. Johnson (Class of 1986), Caddo Parish Commission president, 2015</p><br>
<p>The Lloyd Street Synagogue is an 1845, Greek Revival style synagogue building in Baltimore, Maryland. One of the oldest synagogues in the United States, Lloyd Street was the first synagogue building erected in Maryland and is the third oldest synagogue building still standing in the United States. Lloyd Street is now owned by the Jewish Museum of Maryland and is open to the public as a museum in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lloyd Street was built by the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, incorporated on January 29, 1830. In 1889 the building was sold to The St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Church, a parish that served mainly immigrants from Lithuania, which occupied the building until 1905. In 1905 it was sold to congregation Shomrei Mishmeres HaKodesh, an Orthodox Jewish congregation of immigrants from Eastern Europe, which continued to use the building until 1963, when the building was threatened with demolition.</p><br>
<p>Baltimore architects Robert Cary Long, Jr. and William Reasin designed the building in the fashionable Greek Revival style. Four doric columns support a classic pediment, all painted light pink. The body of the building is brick. The building is a near-twin of St. Peter the Apostle Church, designed by Long in 1842.</p><br>
<p>Lloyd Street is the third oldest synagogue building in the United States (several earlier buildings are no longer standing.) The two oldest synagogue buildings, both still in active use, are the Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island and Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue, in Charleston, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, archaeologists uncovered a mikveh under the synagogue. It is believed to be the oldest known mikveh in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Edward V. Rickenbacker House in Columbus, Ohio is a National Historic Landmark. It commemorates the early life of Eddie Rickenbacker, who at various times in his life was a flying ace, Medal of Honor recipient, race car driver and a pioneer in air transportation.</p><br>
<p>The first portion of the house was built between 1893 and 1895 by Rickenbackers father, William, with two rooms on the main floor and two attic rooms. About 1900 William and Eddie Rickenbacker built an ell to the north, over a cellar. Eddie grew up in this house, and it was his nominal residence during World War I until he rented an apartment in 1922 with his wife. Eddie paid off the mortgage on the house after his fathers death, and it remained in the family until about 1960, the residence of Eddie&#39;s sister Mary.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 1½ story frame structure, with the additional possibly of brick, all covered with shingles. The roof is a gable with a shed dormer. Windows are one-over-one sashes. A former porch is now enclosed. Access to the cellar is through an exterior metal bulkhead door on a concrete base; the concrete bears the initials "E.V.R." The house interior comprises three rooms on the first floor and two in the attic. A one-story shed on the property dates to the Rickenbacker occupancy.</p><br>
<p>The town of Mount Pleasant was established in 1803 by Robert Carothers, an Irishman from Virginia, and Jesse Thomas, a Quaker from North Carolina. Some or all of the village center is designated as Mount Pleasant Historic District, a USA National Historic Landmark District. The district includes the Friends Meetinghouse  built by the Quakers in 1814 to house the first yearly meeting established west of the Alleghenies.</p><br>
<p>It is important for the role it played in the antislavery movement and the Underground Railroad. Incorporated in 1814, the town became a center for pork packing and shipping, and was also successful in the milling industry. The strong Quaker population in Mount Pleasant preached and practiced its abolitionist views and published antislavery literature, such as Benjamin Lundy&#39;s "Genius of Universal Emancipation." A station on the Underground Railroad, the town was a refuge for fugitive slaves and a welcome home for free blacks. Local residents built and administered a school for free black children, and in 1848 established a Free Labor Store which sold no products produced by slave labor.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Districts in 1974, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Big Four House is a historic 19th-century building in Downtown Sacramento, California. It is now located within Old Sacramento State Historic Park and the Old Sacramento National Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Big Four House was originally three separate buildings constructed over 1851 to 1852, adjacent to the Sacramento River waterfront. The original three structures included the Stanford Building, the Huntington & Hopkins Building, and the Miller Building.</p><br>
<h3>The Big Four</h3><br>
<p>The lower floors were occupied by merchants, three of whom later became The Big Four (with Charles Crocker), hence the buildings&#39; name. The Big Four were associated with the founding of the First Transcontinental Railroad linking California with the Eastern USA — and were Collis Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Jr., Leland Stanford, and Charles Crocker. On the second floor these buildings they organized and ran the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, to plan, build, and operate the western section of the first Transcontinental Railroad. They also founded the Southern Pacific Railroad here. Huntington, Hopkins & Co., which imported and sold hardware, iron, steel, and coal, occupied 54 "K" Street. The second floor of these structures served as the first offices of the Central Pacific Railroad from 1862 to 1873.</p><br>
<p>By 1878 ownership was consolidated, and the structures were enlarged into one building. Over time it has also housed shops, including the Huntington & Hopkins Hardware Store, a bar and cafe, and a hotel on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark</h2><br>
<p>The Big Four House was declared a National Historic Landmark on July 4, 1961. It is included within the Old Sacramento Historic District, which also is a National Historic Landmark and on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was also formerly a California Historical Landmark of its own, but now is a Historic district contributing property included in the registration of the Old Sacramento National Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Detroit Club is a private social club located at 712 Cass Avenue in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. The building was constructed in 1891 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the Detroit Club dates to 1882, when Detroit attorney Samuel T. Douglas and banker/broker James Campbell decided to found a club where local businessmen could meet and mingle. With an original membership of 10, they rented a house on Lafayette between Wayne and Cass, and hired a chef. They soon convinced 100 more of Detroit&#39;s citizens to join. Early members included Russell A. Alger, ex-governor of Michigan, Hugh McMillan, founder of the Michigan Telephone Company, and real estate magnate James B. Book.</p><br>
<p>Within a year, the club had outgrown its first home and moved to larger quarters on Fort Street. Less than a decade later, the club hired architect Wilson Eyre to design a new building to serve as their meeting place.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Detroit Club is a four-story brick and stone Romanesque Revival building. The club features a grill and library on the first floor, a family room on the second floor, and a main dining room with smaller meeting rooms on the third floor. The interior features fine woodwork, a wide main stair, and an enormous fireplace in the main dining hall. The original woodwork was lighter than the current version.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>A number of pivotal events in the twentieth century took place within the walls of the Detroit Club. In 1902, the Automobile Club of Detroit was organized at a meeting in the club. In 1922, Michigan governor Alex Groesbeck held strategy sessions to decide whom to tap to fill the open Senate seat which resulted from Truman Newberrys resignation. Groesbeck chose James Couzens. In 1930, Governor Fred W. Green met with Detroit bank presidents to work out details for closing the citys banks. In 1944–45, after an extensive series of meetings at the club, Henry Ford II wrested control of Ford Motor Company from Harry Bennett. Later, Lee Iacocca used the club to launch his campaign to restore the Statue of Liberty and develop Ellis Island into a museum.</p><br>
<p>Dignitaries entertained at the Club include Harry Truman, Herbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt, Prince William of Sweden, Empress Zita of Austria, the Duke of Windsor, Margaret Truman, Charles Lindbergh, Gene Tunney, Admiral Richard Byrd, John D. Rockefeller and Edward G. Robinson.</p><br>
